Illumination System
Not always the light from a light source emitted to alighting object or field of work. According to IES there are 5 classification system the glow from the light source are:
1. Indirect Lighting
Indirect lighting in 90 to 100% of the light is emittedkelangit room ceiling so that utilized in the field ofemployment is reflected light. The glow on indirectlighting can also be reflected on the walls so that lightup on the surface of the working area is the reflected light from the wall.
2. half-Indirect Lighting
Indirect lighting in 60 to 90% of the light is
directedkelangit-sky. The distribution of light on this sameexplanation with indirect lighting distribution but more efficient and powerful lighting is higher. Comparison of the purity of the light source and its surroundingsremain eligible but this explanation is not clear thoughshadow has occurred
3. Spread Lighting (Diffuse)
On the explanation of the diffuse light distribution overrelative down evenly and amounting to about 40 to60%. This comparison is not exactly 50% each for the ball-shaped armature used sometimes open at the bottom or top. Armature made of translucent material, such as: glass, fiberglass, plastic dew. Diffuse lightingproduces light shade with shading more clear than that produced 2 information generated before. Use of thediffuse lighting among other places of worship.
4. Lighting Half directly
Lighting directly 60 to 90% of light directed hiskebidang the rest of the work is directed kelangit-sky.This type of lighting is efficient. Usage of informationdirectly between the other half on: the Office,classroom, workplace and took, among others.
5. direct Lighting
On the direct illumination of 90 to 100% of the light is emitted into working areas. Direct lighting on thetunnel effect occurs (tunneling effect) on the ceilingright above, namely: lamps working parts are dark. Direct lighting can be designed to spread or focuseddepending on
the reflector is used.
2.5.1 Needs Lights for the room
Lighting aspects determining the need for lights,lighting installations and techniques of such treatment.Engineering information and need to be taken into account so that the user factor obtained adequatequality. Factors that determine the quality of information is: strong illumination (Lux), light distribution, intensity as minimum as possible glare,lighting and layout direction lights, light color andlighting effects. For power requirements and number oflights indoors, which needs to be determined strongillumination is required. The standard for powerfullighting on various space refers to the ESI (EqualSphere Illumination)
2.5.2 the placement of Lights Lighting
In lighting, electrical installation drawing lightillumination is a very important part, the selection oflight adapted to the use of space, the meticulousillumination calculations not too necessary inexplanation of the House (building), but with the help of the table is very helpful in determining the layout ofthe installation of dazzling lights. Table 2.3.1 shows the
variation below the required lumens per square meter (m2) in a room.
Table 2.3.1 the Lumen Size Variation
LUMEN AREA M2
The family room 800
Dining room 450
Kitchen 800
Bathroom 650
Workbench 750
In planning the image many of us have encounteredan electrical installation that is not always to the lightslighting or for motor-electric motor,
but for both of them, that is, for the purposes of information or formotor-electric motor (power). For example, electrical installation inside the House or shophouse, in it there is simply no electrical installation for an explanation, but there are also electrical installation for dinamo asfan, refrigerator, air conditioner, etc. In the workshopor factory can be found that the electrical installation is not only for illumination or Dynamo, but for both of them.
Before drawing the first measure the floor plan imagesaccording to the location/building plans or situations where the building electrical installation is to be installed. In the picture we make plan drawing room, pictures of the complete installation as well as electricalload scheme following image completeness calculation of materials (components) and the interpretation of theprice, if necessary complemented with manpower andcosts.
2.6 analysis of Material Needs and costs
2.6.1 work plan and terms of
Analyzing the necessity and cost of electrical
installation material light House are a planner to calculate unit component or installation materials,plumbing, wiring, switches and contacts as well asBoard-box bagi8 with a picture of a plan.
A. electrical work
Electrical work in installation covering procurement,installation of electrical and power installation, testing,approval of all equipment or mounting materialsupport so that the installation system will work properly. System installation in question include:
1. installing the grounding
2. installation of low voltage feeder cable installation.
3. Installation the installation of the main panel and panel branch
4. wiring inside and outside the building
5. Installation installation of the lighting and power, including fixture, switch boxes, and contacts.
B. use of materials
All material used from the best quality material types innew condition (not damaged in the circumstances). In accordance with the quality standards in force, bothnational
and international standards.
C. analysis of the cost of installation
Analysis of the costs of installation include installation,labor wages and unexpected costs and profit. The total cost of installing the expensive electricity and depends on the type of large amounts of materials used, type of job, the skills of the workforce, and tools or to 64bamaterials used.
D. Components or materials
Wire electrical conductor that is used is the type ofcable, the cable to NYY NYM and grounding. The number of points of information in each room adapted to the needs of indoor illumination intensity desired. In the calculation of the number of point lights in a roomthere are
several noteworthy provisions, among others:
1. area of illumination
2. the required lighting intensity
3. high working areas
4. high ceiling
5. luminasi light emitted
2.8 Stringing and detect Circuit Error
A. The General Theory
1 the Basic fault finding)
In dealing with a good damage equipment orinstallation required:
a) experience in identify problems
b) precise and correct methods of identifying
2) basic knowledge a must-have before findingfault/damage are:
a) electrical measuring instrument recognizes which are used (AVO meter, Insulation Tester)
b) usage measurement tool (operation of
themeasuring instrument)
3) things that should be noticed in working to detect/looking for damage/error:
a) timeliness (effective and efficient), example: When do we have to change and when we have to fix?
b) in a complex and difficult jobs need to be created:
1. Notes (the necessary tools and materials)
2. If there has not been a series of images (alreadybroken)
3. the control of the measuring instrument
c) data and analysis
d a good safety factor) tool as well as a working man
e) are not allowed to remove or damage the safety
f) should be able to function properly and correctly
B. Technical fault finding
There are a few steps that need to be done or visualreview:
a) asked the installer or operator connected
Function: to get information and when the crash
b) see signs that exist are:
1. Signs of scorching on the equipment or circuits
2. the suspicious Fumes after a try
3. heat, friction
4. the indicator light that is not normal
2.7 Meter Prepaid
Kwh meter is a device used by the party to computelarge PLN power consumption consumer. This tool is very common in the community. The main part of aKWH meter is the coil, the coil voltage current, magnet,aluminum disc remains the task of neutralizing the aluminum disc of the induction of the magnetic fieldand mechanical gear that records the amount ofrotation of the disc of aluminium.
These tools work using methods of induction of the magnetic field the magnetic field which drives the discmade of aluminum. The disc rotation will move thecounter digits as a display number of KWHnya.
Advantages of Using Prepaid Meter 2.7.1
Some of the advantages that can be gained by BuildingManagers from
the use of pre-paid meters KWh of which are:
1. get cash money in advance before the electricity is produced and used,
so that it can add to the liquidity of the company.
2. controlling transactions more easily, reducing the possibility of
Bills that are not paid off and the theft of electricity.Marketing of electrical prabayarini may also besubmitted on a third party.
3. reduction of the overhead or costs required forchecking
the consumption of electricity to homes or other consumers.
As for the consumer, this system can also be beneficial, namely:
1. the control of electricity use can be better, becausepayments
done in advance can be used to limit the consumption of
2. improvement of measurement system for electronic devices used
is electronic with accuracy and security
3. reduce billing errors caused by human error.
2.7.2 Codes of Prepaid Meters
The code you can benefit in order to know the function of the KWH Meter.
a) type numbers 37 and ENTER you will see the rest
ofSYMPOSIUM STROOM found on your meter.
b) type the numbers 41 and then ENTER you will knowhow much VOLT voltage on your meter.
c) type numbers 44 and then ENTER you will know howthe
current AMPERAGE on your meter.
d) type numbers 47 and then ENTER you will knowhow much power you are using at the moment.
e) type numbers 54 and then ENTER you will see a credit token SYMPOSIUM STROOM or were you lastentered.
f) type numbers 59 and then ENTER you will see anumber
of credit scores or the last ROOM 1: you enter.
g) type numbers 69 and then ENTER you will see howyour
electricity is never extinguished.
h) type numbers 75 and then ENTER you will see the number or the code of your Meters KWH series.
i) type numbers 81 and then ENTER you will see howthe
estimated length of time wearing your upcomingSYMPOSIUM
STROOM.
CHAPTER III
COVER
3.1 SUMMARY
Due to the rapid development of the population, andthe country's economic rise. Many of the villagers as well as the city takes the benefits of electric power,
electricity is very beneficial for people in everyday life.For example: for the installation of the lighting and installation effort.
Listik distributed by PLN (the State electrical Company)to the Subscriber and were fitted to customers through partners PLN i.e. CV (Komanditer Alliance). Usually the CV in cooperation with PLN has been proven andkeetosan are kerjannya so that when the fittingcomponents dilkukan listik safely used by customers.Installation of electrical equipment to the customermust be accompanied by a certificate of SLO (certificateOperaasi be eligible to) tools and material mustgraduate from an institution (LMK) that test the tools and materials. If in a House there is no certificate of therrumah then SLO unsafe for use and are exposed to a penalty by complying with existing regulations. Tools and materials should also match the specified rule.
3.2 ADVICE
3.2.1 for schools
a school can be expected to carry out) Prakerin for one year to a maximum of and time for learning in schoolsis not reduced.
b) Expected the school doesn't bother learning the industry students prakerin with still give load tasks in carrying out its work practices.
3.2.2 For Firms
a) is expected to pay more attention to Prefentif teamin particular K3.
b) Improving discipline in the work and discipline of the time.
c) expected to service engineering officer to make it more friendly to customers.
d) is expected to be more attentive staff officer on timein work while taking KWH.
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